Vladimir Putin
The Man Behind the Stern Mask
Stes de Necker
Introduction
This name
uses Eastern Slavic naming customs;
the patronymic is Vladimirovich and
the family
name is Putin.
Vladimir Putin,
born 7 October 1952, has been the President of Russia since 7 May 2012. He
previously served as President from 2000 to 2008, and as Prime Minister of Russia from 1999 to
2000 and again from 2008 to 2012. During his last term as Prime Minister, he
was also the Chairman of the United
Russia political party.
For 16 years
Putin served as an officer in the KGB, rising to the rank
of Lieutenant
Colonel before he retired to enter politics in his native Saint
Petersburg in 1991. He moved to Moscow in 1996 and joined
President Boris Yeltsin's administration where he rose quickly,
becoming Acting President on
31 December 1999 when Yeltsin resigned unexpectedly. Putin won the
subsequent 2000 presidential election and
was re-elected in 2004.
Because
of constitutionally mandated term limits, Putin
was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term in 2008. Dmitry
Medvedev won the 2008 presidential election and
appointed Putin as Prime Minister, beginning a period of
so-called "tan democracy". In September 2011,
following a change in the law extending the presidential term from four years
to six, Putin announced that he would seek a third, non-consecutive term
as President in the2012 presidential election, an
announcement which led to large-scale protests in many Russian cities.
He won the election in March 2012 and is serving a six-year term.
Many of Putin's
actions are regarded by the domestic opposition and foreign observers as
undemocratic.
The 2011 Democracy
Index stated that Russia was in "a long process of regression
that culminated in a move from a hybrid to an authoritarian regime"
in view of Putin's candidacy and flawed parliamentary elections. In 2014
Russia was excluded from the G8 group as a result of its annexation of Crimea.
During Putin's
first premiership and presidency (1999–2008), real incomes increased by a
factor of 2.5, real wages more than tripled; unemployment and poverty more than
halved, and the Russians' self-assessed life satisfaction rose
significantly. Putin's first presidency was marked by high economic
growth: the Russian economy grew for eight straight years,
seeing GDP increase by 72% in PPP (six fold in nominal terms).
As
Russia's president, Putin and the Federal Assembly passed into law a
flat income
tax of 13%, a reduced profits tax, and new land and legal
codes. As Prime Minister, Putin oversaw large scale military and police reform. His energy policy has affirmed Russia's
position as an energy superpower. Putin supported high-tech
industries such as the nuclear and defence industries.
A rise in foreign
investment contributed to a boom in such sectors as the automotive industry.
Putin has
cultivated a strongman image and is a pop cultural
icon in Russia with many commercial products named after him.
Sport and cultural life
Putin has won
international support for sport
in Russia. In 2007, he led a successful effort on behalf of Sochi (located
along the Black Sea near the border between Georgia and
Russia) for the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics, the
first Winter Olympic Games to ever be hosted by
Russia.
Likewise, in 2008, the city of Kazan won the
bid for the 2013 Summer Universiade, and on 2 December
2010 Russia won the right to host the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2018 FIFA World Cup, also for the first time in
Russian history. In 2013, Putin stated that gay athletes would not face any
discrimination at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics.
Putin has an
outdoor, sporty, tough
guy image in the media, demonstrating his physical capabilities and
taking part in unusual or dangerous acts, such as extreme sports and
interaction with wild animals.
For example, in
2007, the tabloid Komsomolskaya Pravda published a huge
photograph of a bare-chested Putin vacationing in the Siberian Mountains under
the headline: "Be Like Putin."
Photo ops during
his various adventures are part of a public relations approach that, according
to Wired, "deliberately cultivates the macho,
take-charge superhero image". Some of the activities
have been criticised for being staged.
Notable examples
of Putin's macho adventures include: flying military
jets, demonstrating his martial art skills, riding
horses, rafting,
fishing and swimming in a cold Siberian river (doing all that mostly
bare-chested), descending in a deepwater submersible, tranquilizing
tigers with a tranquiliser gun, tranquilizing polar bears, riding a
motorbike, co-piloting a fire fighting plane to dump water on a raging
fire, shooting darts at whales from a crossbow for
eco-tracking, driving a race car, scuba diving at an archaeological
site, attempting to lead endangered cranes in a motorized hang glider, and
catching big fish.
On 11 December
2010, at a concert organized for a children's charity in Saint Petersburg, Putin sang Blueberry Hill accompanying himself on
the piano. The concert was attended by various Hollywood and European stars
such as Kevin Costner, Sharon
Stone, Alain Delon, and Gérard Depardieu. At the same event (and
others) Putin played a patriotic song from his favourite spy movie The Shield
and the Sword.
Putin's
painting "Узор на заиндевевшем окне" (A Pattern on a
Hoarfrost-Encrusted Window), which he had painted during the Christmas Fair on
26 December 2008, became the top lot at the charity auction in Saint Petersburg
and sold for 37 million rubles. The creation of the painting coincided
with the 2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute,
which left a number of European states without Russian gas and amid January
frosts.
There are a large
number of songs about Putin. Some of the more popular include:
[I Want] A Man
Like Putin by Singing Together
Horoscope (Putin,
Don't Piss!) by Uma2rman
VVP by
a Tajik singer
Tolibjon Kurbankhanov (Толибджон Курбанханов)
Our Madhouse is Voting
for Putin by Working Faculty.
Putin's name and
image are widely used in advertisement and product branding. Among the
Putin-branded products are Putinkavodka, the PuTin brand
of canned food, the Gorbusha Putina caviar and a
collection of T-shirts with his image.
Putin features in
the colouring book for children Vova and Dima (presented on his 59th
birthday), where he and Dmitry
Medvedev are drawn as good-behaving little boys, and in
the Superputin online comics series, where Putin and Medvedev are
portrayed first as superheroes, and then as a troll and an orc in the World
of Warcraft.
Vladimir Putin
was portrayed by internet personality Nice Peter in
his YouTube series Epic Rap Battles of History, in Season
2's finale episode, "Rasputin vs. Stalin" (aired on 22 April 2013).
A Russian movie
called A Kiss not for Press was premiered in 2008 on DVD. The movie
is said to be based on biography of Vladimir Putin and his wife Lyudmila. Asserting that
the Russian non-systemic opposition work for foreign interests: Come to
me, Bandar-logs!
Putin has
produced a large number of popular aphorisms and catch-phrases, known as ‘Putinisms’. Many
of them were first made during his annual Q&A conferences, where Putin
answered questions from journalists and other people in the studio, as well as
from Russians throughout the country, who either phoned in or spoke from
studios and outdoor sites across Russia. Putin is known for his often tough and
sharp language. The examples of most popular ‘Putinisms’ include:
To bump off in a
toilet. Made in 1999, when he promised to destroy terrorists wherever they were
found, including in toilets.
She sank. Curt
and self-evident answer to a question from Larry King in
2000 asking what happened to the Russian submarine K-141 Kursk.
Ploughed like a
slave on a galley. This is how Putin described his work as President of Russia
from 2000 to 2008 during a Q&A conference in 2008.
Ears of a
dead ass.
According to Putin, that was what Latvia would
receive instead of the land claimed by Latvia in a territorial dispute.
At the very
least, a state leader should have a head. Putin's response to Hillary
Clinton's claim that Putin has no soul. He recommended that international
relations be built without emotion and instead on the basis of the fundamental
interests of the states involved.
Shearing a
pig- In 2013, Putin responded to complaints that he was harbouring
whistleblower Edward Snowden, saying that he does not wish to get
involved in this issue because "it's like shearing a pig – lots of screams
but little wool".
Personal life - Family
On 28 July 1983
Putin married Kaliningrad-born Lyudmila
Shkrebneva, at that time an undergraduate student of the Spanish branch of
the philology department
of the Leningrad State University and
a former Aeroflot flight
attendant. They lived together in Germany from 1985 to 1990. During this
time, according to BND archives, a German spy befriended
Putina, who said that Putin beat her and had love affairs.
When the couple left
Germany in 1990 it was rumoured that Putin left behind an illegitimate child.
Putina was rarely
seen with President Putin and there were rumours, according to the Daily Mail and
other newspapers, that the couple separated. Putin has been linked by
newspapers with other women, including gymnast Alina
Kabayeva and ex-spy Anna
Chapman. These rumours have been denied.
Vladimir Putin and his
wife, Lyudmila, announced on 6 June 2013, that their marriage was over, ending
years of speculation about their relationship. The Kremlin confirmed on 2 April
2014 that Russian President Vladimir Putin has finalised the divorce from his
wife of 30 years Lyudmila following the couple's sudden split in June 2013. The
president's spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed to state-owned Itar-TASS news
agency that "the divorce has completed."
Putin and his
wife have two daughters, Mariya Putina (born 28 April 1985 in Leningrad, Soviet
Union) and Yekaterina Putina (born 31 August 1986 in Dresden, East
Germany). The daughters grew up in East Germany and attended the German School in Moscow until his
appointment as Prime Minister. After that they studied international economics
at the Finance Academy in
Moscow, although it was not officially reported due to security reasons. Official
sources such as Pravda claim they started their studies at St Petersburg State
University, with Mariya at the biology and geology department and Yekaterina at
the oriental studies section of the University's philological department. It is
the most prestigious section of the department that graduates future
diplomats"
According to the Daily Mail, their photographs
have never been published by the Russian media, and no family portrait has ever
been issued. The Sunday Times has published one picture of Mariya with her
parents According to an article in the newspaper De Pers, Mariya is
married to the Dutchman Jorrit Faassen. Today they live in Voorschoten,
Netherlands.
There have been
reports that Yekaterina planned to wed the son of a South Korean
admiral however the alleged groom denied the rumours in South Korean paper
Chosun.
Putin´s own
comment in a televised interview is that "both his daughters live in
Moscow, where they’re combining their studies with part-time work. “I’m proud
of them,” said Putin.
One of Vladimir
Putin's relatives is Viktor
Medvedchuk – the Ukrainian business
oligarch influential until the 2004 Orange
Revolution. Putin became the godfather of
Medvedchuk's daughter Darina in 2004. The two maintain regular relations
since, with their meetings sometimes covered by the Russian
state-controlled TV channels.
Another relative
is Roman
Putin, CEO of Putin Consluting a firm aiming to "to facilitate
entrance into the Russian market, to minimize the transaction and
administrative barriers, and to ensure complex business security"
Personal wealth and residences
Figures released
during the legislative election of 2007 put
Putin's wealth at approximately 3.7 million rubles ($150,000
USD) in bank accounts, a private 77.4-square-meter (833 sq ft)
apartment in Saint Petersburg, 260 shares of Bank
Saint Petersburg (with a December 2007 market price $5.36 per share and two
1960s-era Volga M21 cars that he inherited from his
father and does not register for on-road use. In 2012 Putin
reported an income of 3.6 million rubles ($113,000). This has led opponents,
such as politician Boris Nemtsov, to question how Putin can afford
certain possessions, such as his 11 luxury watches worth an estimated $700,000.
Putin's purported
2006 income totalled 2 million rubles (approximately $80,000). According
to the data Putin did not make it into the 100 wealthiest Duma candidates of
his own United Russia party.
Unconfirmed
claims by some Russian opposition politicians and journalists allege that Putin
secretly possesses a large fortune (as much as $70 billion) via successive
ownership of stakes in a number of Russian companies. Nina L. Khrushcheva of the The
New School estimates his net worth to be between $40–70
billion. Asked at a press conference on 14 February 2008 whether he was
the richest person in Europe, as some newspapers claimed; and if so, to state
the source of his wealth, Putin said "This is plain chatter, not worthy
discussion, plain bosh. They have picked this in their noses and have smeared
this across their pieces of paper. This is how I view this."
Not long after he
returned from his KGB service in Dresden, East Germany Putin built a dacha in Solovyovka on the eastern
shore of Lake Komsomolskoye on
the Karelian Isthmus in Priozersky District of Leningrad
Oblast, near St. Petersburg. The dacha had burned down in 1996. Putin built
a new one identical to the original and was joined by a group of seven friends
who built dachas beside his. In the fall of 1996, the group formally registered
their fraternity as co-operative society, calling it Ozero (Lake) and
turning it into a gated community.
As President and
then Prime-Minister, apart from the Moscow
Kremlin and the White House, Putin has used numerous official
residences throughout the country. In August 2012 Nemtsov listed 20 villas and
palaces, 9 of which were built during Putin's 12 years in power. This compares
to the President of the United States' 2
official residences.
Some of the
residences include: Gorki-9 near Moscow, Bocharov Ruchey in Sochi, Dolgiye Borodyin Novgorod
Oblast, Novo-Ogaryovo in Moscow
Oblast and Riviera in Sochi (the latter two were left for Putin when
he was Prime-Minister in 2008–2012, others were used by Dmitry Medvedev at that
period). Furthermore, a massive Italianate-style mansion costing an
alleged USD 1 billion and dubbed "Putin's
Palace" is under construction near the Black Sea village of Praskoveevka. The mansion, built
on government land and sporting 3 helipads, a private road paid for from state
funds and guarded by officials wearing uniforms of the official Kremlin guard
service, is said to have been built for Putin's private use. In 2012 Sergei Kolesnikov, a former
business associate of Putin's, told the BBC's News night programme,
that he had been ordered by deputy prime minister, Igor Sechin,
to oversee the building of it.
Languages
Apart from
Russian, Putin speaks fluent German. His family used to speak German at home as
well. After becoming President he was reported to be taking English
lessons and could be seen conversing directly with Bush and native speakers of
English in informal situations, but he continues to use interpreters for formal
talks. Putin spoke English in public for the first time during the state dinner
in Buckingham Palace in 2003 saying but a few
phrases while delivering his condolences to Queen Elizabeth
II on the death of her mother. In an interview in
2013, the Kremlin chief of staff Sergei
Ivanov revealed that he and Putin sometimes conversed in Swedish.
Religion
Putin's father
was "a model communist, genuinely believing in its ideals while trying to
put them into practice in his own life". With this dedication he became
secretary of the Party cell in his workshop and then after taking night classes
joined the factory's Party bureau. Though his father was a "militant atheist", Putin's
mother "was a devoted Orthodox believer". Though she kept no icons at home, she
attended church regularly, despite the government's persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church at that time.
She ensured that Putin was secretly christened as a baby and she regularly took
him to services. His father knew of this but turned a blind eye.
According to
Putin's own statements, his religious awakening followed the serious car crash
of his wife in 1993, and was deepened by a life-threatening fire that burned down
their dacha in August 1996. Right before an official visit to Israel his
mother gave him his baptismal cross telling him to get it blessed "I did
as she said and then put the cross around my neck. I have never taken it off
since." When asked whether he believes in God during his interview
with Time, he responded saying: "...There are
things I believe, which should not in my position, at least, be shared with the
public at large for everybody's consumption because that would look like
self-advertising or a political striptease."
Martial arts
One of Putin's favourite
sports is the martial art of judo. Putin began
training in sambo (a martial art that originated in
the Soviet Union) at the age of 14, before switching to
judo, which he continues to practice today. Putin won competitions in his
hometown of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), including the
senior championships of Leningrad in both sambo and judo. He is the President
of the Yawara Dojo, the same Saint
Petersburg dojo he
practiced at when young. Putin co-authored a book on his favourite sport, published
in Russian as Judo with Vladimir Putin and in English under the
title Judo: History, Theory, Practice (2004).
Though he is not
the first world leader to practice judo, Putin is the first leader to move
forward into the advanced levels. Currently, Putin holds a 6th dan (red/white belt) and is best known
for his Harai Goshi (sweeping hip throw). Putin
earned Master of Sports (Soviet and Russian sport title)
in judo in 1975 and in sambo in 1973. At a state visit to Japan, Putin was
invited to the Kodokan Institute, the judo headquarters, where
he showed different judo techniques to the students and Japanese officials.
Putin also holds
a 6th dan black belt in Kyokushin
kaikan karate.
He was presented the black belt in December 2009 by Japanese champion Kyokushin
Karate-Do master Hatsuo Royama.
In 2013, Putin
re-introduced the GTO physical fitness program to
Russia with the support of Steven
Seagal.
Other sports
Putin often is
seen on outdoor activities with Dmitry
Medvedev, promoting sports and healthy way of life among Russians: they
were seen alpine skiing in Krasnaya Polyana, playing
badminton, cycling and fishing. Putin also started to learn ice skating and
playing ice hockey after he promised to do so on a meeting
with the Russia men's national
junior ice hockey team who had won the2011 World Junior Ice Hockey
Championships.
Putin also enjoys
watching football and supports FC Zenit Saint Petersburg, the main team
of his native city.
Pets
Putin owns a
female black Labrador Retriever named Koni,
given as a gift in 2000 by General of the Army and
Russia's Minister of Emergency
Situations Sergey Shoigu. Koni is often seen at Putin's side and
has been known to accompany him into staff meetings and greet world leaders. In
fact, when Putin first met Angela Merkel, he brought Koni along knowing that
Merkel had a fear of dogs, having been bitten by one as a child. In 2003
Koni gave birth to eight pups which were later given as presents to Russian
citizens, politicians and foreign ambassadors.
Koni gained additional fame
in 2004 when the largest Russian publisher of children's books published a book
entitled Connie's Stories. In 2008 Koni became the first recipient of
a GLONASS-enabled
pet collar to highlight the progress of the Russian global navigation satellite system.
In 2010 Bulgarian
Prime Minister Boyko Borisov gave Putin a Karakachan
dog who was then named Buffy according
to a suggestion by a five-year old boy from Moscow, Dima Sokolov.
Recognition
In September
2006, France's president Jacques
Chirac awarded Vladimir Putin the Grand-Croix (Grand Cross)
of the Légion d'honneur, the highest French decoration,
to celebrate his contribution to the friendship between the two countries. This
decoration is usually awarded to the heads of state considered very close to
France.
In 2007, Putin
was named Time magazine's Person of the Year.
On 12 February
2007 Saudi King Abdullah awarded Putin the King
Abdul Aziz Award, Saudi Arabia's top civilian decoration.
On 10 September
2007 UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan awarded
Putin the Order of Zayed, the UAE's top civil decoration.
In December 2007
Putin was named Person of the Year by Expert
magazine, an influential and respected Russian business weekly.
On 5 October 2008
the central street of Grozny, the capital of Russia's Republic of Chechnya, was renamed from the
Victory Avenue to the Vladimir Putin Avenue, as ordered by
the Chechen President Ramzan
Kadyrov.
In February 2011
the parliament of Kyrgyzstan named a peak in Tian Shan mountains Vladimir Putin Peak.
On 15 November
2011 the China International Peace Research Centre
awarded the Confucius Peace Prize to Putin, citing
as reason Putin's opposition to NATO's
Libya bombing in 2011 while also paying tribute to his decision to go
to war in Chechnya in 1999. According to the
committee, Putin's "Iron hand and toughness revealed in this war impressed
the Russians a lot, and he was regarded to be capable of bringing safety and
stability to Russia".
In 2011,
the University of Belgrade awarded Putin an
honorary doctorate.