Die Tien Gebooie en die Wet van Moses - Geld hierdie wette vandag nog en moet ons as Christene dit nog steeds nakom?

Die Tien Gebooie en die Wet van Moses

Geld hierdie wette vandag nog en moet ons as 
Christene dit nog steeds nakom?

                                                                                                Stes de Necker

In die Nuwe Testament verwys Jesus dikwels na “die wet en die profete’.

MATTEUS 5:17 “Moenie dink dat Ek gekom het om die wet of die profete ongeldig te maak nie. Ek het nie gekom om hulle ongeldig te maak nie, maar om hulle hulle volle betekenis te laat kry.”

MATTEUS 7:12 “Alles wat julle wil hê dat die mense aan julle moet doen, moet julle ook aan hulle doen. Dit is tog waarop dit neerkom in die wet en die profete.”

MATTEUS 22:40 “In hierdie twee gebooie is die hele wet en die profete saamgevat.”

LUKAS 24:27 Daarna het Hy by Moses en al die profete begin en al die Skrifuitsprake wat op Hom betrekking het, vir hulle uitgelê.

LUKAS 24:44 Daarna sê Hy vir hulle: “Dit is die betekenis van die woorde wat Ek vir julle gesê het toe Ek nog by julle was, naamlik dat alles vervul moet word wat in die wet van Moses en in die profete en psalms oor My geskrywe is.”

Die “Wet” waarna Christus verwys in die Nuwe Testament, is sekerlik nie net die Tien Gebooie nie. Ons weet uit die geskiedenis dat Moses die kliptafels met die Wet wat God hom gegee het daarop, stukkend gegooi het en dat die Here God 'n tweede keer die Wet (Tien Gebooie) opgeskryf het.

In Eksodus 34 vers 1 lees ons, “Die Here het vir moses gesê: ‘Kap vir jou twee plat klippe net soos die voriges. Ek sal op die klippe die gebooie skryf wat op die voriges was wat jy stukkend gegooi het.”

In vers 11 lees ons, “Wat Ek julle nou hier gaan beveel, moet julle gehoorsaam.” en dan vanaf vers 12 en verder lees ons hoedat Moses die voorskrifte wat hy van God ontvang het aan die Israeliet oordra het.

In die boek Levitikus lees ons dat byna elke hoofstuk van die boek begin met die aanhaling: “Die Here het vir Moses gesê: ‘Sê vir die Israeliete: ...’

Al hierdie voorskrifte, wat later bekend sou staan as die “Wet van Moses”, is deur God self aan Moses gegee.  Net soos die Tien Gebooie, was die “Wet van Moses” nie 'n menslike skepping nie, maar het dit die voorskrifte en bepalings bevat wat God self aan Sy volk gegee het.  In die Wet van Moses het daar nie 'n enkele voorskrif bestaan wat nie deur God self voorgeskryf was nie. 

Die Wet van Moses was nie ondergeskik aan die Tien Gebooie nie!

Wanner Jesus in die Nuwe Testament verwys na die “Wet en die profete”, verwys Hy baie duidelik na ál God se voorskrifte soos dit opgeteken was in die Tien Gebooie en die Wet van Moses.

Die vraag is gevolglik: Wat sê die Bybel oor die geldigheid van die wet onder die Nuwe Verbond?  Bestaan die wet nog en is dit nog van toepassing in ons lewe ... of behoort dit tot die "Ou Verbond" wat net van krag was totdat Jesus die "Nuwe Verbond" tot stand gebring het?

In Romeine 3: 21 staan daar: “Maar nou het die vryspraak deur God, waarvan die wet en die profete getuig, in werking getree. Dit is die vryspraak wat nie verkry word deur die wet te onderhou nie.” In Matt.5: 17 se Jesus immers: “Moenie dink dat Ek gekom het om die wet of die profete ongeldig te maak nie. Ek het nie gekom om hulle ongeldig te maak nie, maar om hulle hulle volle betekenis te laat kry.” Beteken dit dat Paulus se uitspraak in Rom. 3, strydig is met die uitspraak van Jesus dat Hy nie gekom het om die wet en die profete ongeldig te maak nie?

Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat Paulus (wat gekrediteer word met die siening dat die wet "afgeskaf" sou wees) in sy laaste briewe so 'n duidelike uitspraak maak oor die blywende betekenis van die Ou Testament en veral daardie gedeeltes wat met lering, weerlegging, teregwysing en geregtigheid te make het. 

In 2 Tim. 3: 16 skryf Paulus: “Die hele Skrif is deur God geïnspireer en het groot waarde om in die waarheid te onderrig, dwaling te bestry, verkeerdhede reg te stel en 'n regte lewenswyse te kweek, ...”  Die “hele Skrif” waarvan Paulus praat verwys natuurlik na die Ou Testament, aangesien die Nuwe Testament nog nie op daardie stadium bestaan het nie.

Paulus se prediking was deurgaans gefokus op die positiewe boodskap van die Bybel, eerder as om tyd en energie af te staan aan die negatiewe. In Galasiërs 3: 24 skryf Paulus: “Ons was dus onder die toesig van die wet totdat Christus sou kom sodat ons deur te glo, vrygespreek sou word.” Vir Paulus, wat so vervul was met die Gees van God, was die genade en die liefde van God die alles oorheersende oortuiging en het hy gevolglik nie veel tyd afgestaan aan die wetlike voorskrifte van die Ou Testament nie.

In 2 Pet. 3 vanaf vers 14 skryf die Apostel: “Daarom, geliefdes, terwyl julle hierdie dinge verwag, moet julle julle daarvoor beywer om vlekkeloos en onberispelik voor God en in vrede met Hom, te lewe. En beskou die geduld wat ons Here met ons het as geleentheid om gered te word. So het ons geliefde broer Paulus immers ook met die wysheid wat aan hom gegee is, aan julle geskrywe. Hy skryf dit ook in al sy briewe waarin hy oor hierdie saak handel. Daar is dinge in sy briewe wat moeilik is om te verstaan. Oningeligte en onstandvastige mense gee daaraan 'n verkeerde uitleg, soos hulle trouens ook doen met die res van die Skrif en dit tot hulle eie ondergang.”

Die oortuiging en siening van Paulus kom duidelik na vore in Rom. 6 vanaf vers 15.

“Wat beteken dit? Kan ons nou maar sonde doen omdat ons nie onder die wet van Moses staan nie maar onder die genade? Beslis nie. Julle weet tog: as julle julle aan iemand onderwerp om hom as slawe te gehoorsaam, is julle die slawe van dié een aan wie julle gehoorsaam is. As dit die sonde is, beteken dit vir julle die dood; as dit gehoorsaamheid aan God is, beteken dit vryspraak en lewe.”

Paulus se uitspraak in Rom 3: 12, “Maar nou het die vryspraak deur God, waarvan die wet en die profete getuig, in werking getree. Dit is die vryspraak wat nie verkry word deur die wet te onderhou nie”, is nie strydig met die uitspraak van Jesus dat Hy nie gekom het om die wet en die profete ongeldig te maak nie. Vir Paulus was God se uitspraak, soos opgeteken in Hebr. 8 vanaf vers 10, van die grootste belang.

“Dit is nou die verbond wat Ek met Israel na daardie dae sal sluit, sê die Here: Ek sal hulle My wette in die verstand gee, op hulle harte sal ek dit skrywe; Ek sal hulle God wees en hulle sal My volk wees.”

Paulus se standpunt oor die wet is duidelik. Die wet moet in ons wees sodat ons nie ons redding uit die werke van die wet probeer "verwerf" nie, maar ook nie langer in sonde lewe nie!

In Artikel 25 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis, bely ons as Christene gevolglik dat slegs die seremonies en heenwysing van die Wet, met die koms van Christus opgehou het, en dat alle voorafskaduwing (prefigurasie; ʼn skaduwee van iets wat nog moet plaasvind) tot 'n einde gekom het. Die gebruik daarvan moet derhalwe onder die Christene afgeskaf word. Die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis is duidelik. Slegs die voorafskaduwing van die oorspronklike Wet van Moses het opgehou om te bestaan. Nie die res van die Wet nie! 

In Matt. 5: 17 sê Jesus vir ons baie duidelik, “Dit verseker Ek julle: Die hemel en die aarde sal eerder vergaan as dat een letter of letterstrepie van die wet sal wegval voordat alles voleindig is.”

Die voorskrifte en inhoud van die wet bly nog altyd op ons as Christene van toepassing. Jesus Christus het die Wet vir ons vervul, maar dit beteken nie dat ons nie meer daaraan onderworpe is nie.

Die Wet is nie saam met Jesus gekruisig nie!

Die oorspronklike Wet van Moses het 613 voorskrifte en bepalings bevat. (Vir die oorspronklike 613 bepalings van die Wet van Moses, sien gerus my artikel "The Provisions of the Law of Moses")  Indië on die seremoniële voorskrifte en voorafskaduwing van die wet sou weglaat, dan bly daar nog 272 bepalings en voorskrifte van die “wet” oor, wat nie afgeskaf is nie! (Sien opsomming aan die einde van hierdie artikel)

Hierdie 272 voorskrifte (Die wette in ons harte en verstand behoort te wees) behoort vir elke Christen gelowige ʼn duidelike riglyn (maatstaf) te bied waaraan ons onsself en die owerheid wat oor ons gestel is, kan beoordeel.

Leef hierdie Wette nog voort in die harte van Suid Afrikaners, soos wat God dit van ons verwag?

In Matt. 5: 20 sê Jesus “Ek sê vir julle: As julle getrouheid aan die wet nie meer inhou as dié van die skrifgeleerdes en die Fariseërs nie, sal julle nooit in die koninkryk van die hemel ingaan nie.”

Die betekenis en voorskrifte van die Ou Testament moet vandag nog voortleef in die gewoontes en praktyke van ons alledaagse moderne bestaan.

Hoe sien Suid-Afrika (en ons as individue) daaruit wanneer ons onsself beoordeel aan hierdie 272 “nie-afgeskafte” bepalings van die wet van Moses?

Opsomming van die wette en voorskrifte van die Ou Testament wat nog nooit afgeskaf of herroep is nie

(Die inhoud van die wet word weereens in Engels aangebied aangesien dit die taal is waarin dit in die Engelse vertaling van die Joodse Bybel voorkom.)

God

1. To know that God exists (Ex. 20:2; Deut. 5:6)
2. Not to entertain the idea that there is any god but the Eternal (Ex. 20:3)
3. Not to blaspheme (Ex. 22:27; in Christian texts, Ex. 22:28), the penalty for which is death (Lev. 24:16)
4. To hallow God's name (Lev. 22:32)
5. Not to profane God's name (Lev. 22:32)
6. To know that God is One, a complete Unity (Deut. 6:4)
7. To love God (Deut. 6:5)
8. To fear Him reverently (Deut. 6:13; 10:20)
9. Not to put the word of God to the test (Deut. 6:16)
10. To imitate His good and upright ways (Deut. 28:9) 

Torah

11.    To honor the old and the wise (Lev. 19:32)

12.    To cleave to those who know Him (Deut. 10:20) 

13. Not to add to the commandments of the Torah, whether in the Written Law or in its interpretation received by tradition (Deut. 13:1)
14. Not to take away from the commandments of the Torah (Deut. 13:1)

Prayer and Blessings

15.    To pray to God (Ex. 23:25; Deut. 6:13)

16.    To read the Shema in the morning and at night (Deut. 6:7)

17.    To recite grace after meals (Deut. 8:10)

Love and Brotherhood

18.    To love all human beings who are of the covenant (Lev. 19:18)

19.    Not to stand by idly when a human life is in danger (Lev. 19:16)

20.    Not to wrong any one in speech (Lev. 25:17)

21.    Not to carry tales (Lev. 19:16)

22.    Not to cherish hatred in one's heart (Lev. 19:17)

23.    Not to take revenge (Lev. 19:18)

24.    Not to bear a grudge (Lev. 19:18)).

25.    Not to put any Jew to shame (Lev. 19:17)

26.    Not to curse any other Israelite (Lev. 19:14)

27.    Not to give occasion to the simple-minded to stumble on the road (Lev. 19:14)

28.    To rebuke the sinner (Lev. 19:17)

29.    To relieve a neighbor of his burden and help to unload his beast (Ex. 23:5)

30.    To assist in replacing the load upon a neighbor's beast (Deut. 22:4)

31.    Not to leave a beast, that has fallen down beneath its burden, unaided (Deut. 22:4)

The Poor and Unfortunate

32. Not to afflict an orphan or a widow (Ex. 22:21)
33. Not to reap the entire field (Lev. 19:9; Lev. 23:22)
34. To leave the unreaped corner of the field or orchard for the poor (Lev. 19:9)
35. Not to gather gleanings (the ears that have fallen to the ground while reaping) (Lev. 19:9)
36. To leave the gleanings for the poor (Lev. 19:9)
37. Not to gather ol'loth (the imperfect clusters) of the vineyard (Lev. 19:10)
38. To leave ol'loth (the imperfect clusters) of the vineyard for the poor (Lev. 19:10; Deut. 24:21)
39. Not to gather the peret (grapes) that have fallen to the ground (Lev. 19:10)
40. To leave peret (the single grapes) of the vineyard for the poor (Lev. 19:10)
41. Not to return to take a forgotten sheaf (Deut. 24:19) This applies to all fruit trees (Deut. 24:20)
42. To leave the forgotten sheaves for the poor (Deut. 24:19-20)
43. Not to refrain from maintaining a poor man and giving him what he needs (Deut. 15:7)
44. To give charity according to one's means (Deut. 15:11)

Treatment of Gentiles

45.    To love the stranger (Deut. 10:19)

46.    Not to wrong the stranger in speech (Ex. 22:20)

47.    Not to wrong the stranger in buying or selling (Ex. 22:20)

48.    Not to intermarry with gentiles (Deut. 7:3)

49.    To exact the debt of an alien (Deut. 15:3)

50.    To lend to an alien at interest (Deut. 23:21)

Marriage, Divorce and Family

51.    To honor father and mother (Ex. 20:12)

52.    Not to smite a father or a mother (Ex. 21:15)

53.    Not to curse a father or mother (Ex. 21:17)

54.    To reverently fear father and mother (Lev. 19:3)

55.    To be fruitful and multiply (Gen. 1:28)

56.    That there shall be no harlot (in Israel); that is, that there shall be no intercourse with a woman, without previous marriage with a deed of marriage and formal declaration of marriage (Deut. 23:18)

57.    To take a wife by kiddushin, the sacrament of marriage (Deut. 24:1)

58.    That the newly married husband shall (be free) for one year to rejoice with his wife (Deut. 24:5)

59.    That a bridegroom shall be exempt for a whole year from taking part in any public labor, such as military service, guarding the wall and similar duties (Deut. 24:5)

60.    Not to withhold food, clothing or conjugal rights from a wife (Ex. 21:10)

61.    That the woman suspected of adultery shall be dealt with as prescribed in the Torah (Num. 5:30)

62.    That one who defames his wife's honor (by falsely accusing her of unchastity before marriage) must live with her all his lifetime (Deut. 22:19)).

63.    That a man may not divorce his wife concerning whom he has published an evil report (about her unchastity before marriage) (Deut. 22:19)

64.    To divorce by a formal written document (Deut. 24:1)

65.    That one who divorced his wife shall not remarry her, if after the divorce she had been married to another man (Deut. 24:4)

66.    That a widow whose husband died childless must not be married to anyone but her deceased husband's brother (Deut. 25:5)

67.    To marry the widow of a brother who has died childless (Deut. 25:5)

68.    That the widow formally release the brother-in-law (if he refuses to marry her) (Deut. 25:7-9)

Forbidden Sexual Relations

69.          Not to indulge in familiarities with relatives, such as kissing, embracing, winking, skipping, which may lead to incest (Lev. 18:6)

70.          Not to commit incest with one's mother (Lev. 18:7)

71.          Not to commit sodomy with one's father (Lev. 18:7)

72.          Not to commit incest with one's father's wife (Lev. 18:8)

73.          Not to commit incest with one's sister (Lev. 18:9)

74.          Not to commit incest with one's father's wife's daughter (Lev. 18:9)

75.          Not to commit incest with one's son's daughter (Lev. 18:10)

76.          Not to commit incest with one's daughter's daughter (Lev. 18:10)

77.          Not to commit incest with one's daughter (this is not explicitly in the Torah but is inferred from other explicit commands that would include it)

78.          Not to commit incest with one's fathers sister (Lev. 18:12)

79.          Not to commit incest with one's mother's sister (Lev. 18:13)

80.          Not to commit incest with one's father's brothers wife (Lev. 18:14)

81.          Not to commit sodomy with one's father's brother (Lev. 18:14)

82.          Not to commit incest with one's son's wife (Lev. 18:15)

83.          Not to commit incest with one's brother's wife (Lev. 18:16)

84.          Not to commit incest with one's wife's daughter (Lev. 18:17)

85.          Not to commit incest with the daughter of one's wife's son (Lev. 18:17)

86.          Not to commit incest with the daughter of one's wife's daughter (Lev. 18:17)

87.          Not to commit incest with one's wife's sister (Lev. 18:18)

88.          Not to have intercourse with a woman, in her menstrual period (Lev. 18:19)

89.          Not to have intercourse with another man's wife (Lev. 18:20)

90.          Not to commit sodomy with a male (Lev. 18:22)

91.          Not to have intercourse with a beast (Lev. 18:23)

92.          That a woman shall not have intercourse with a beast (Lev. 18:23)

93.          93.  Not to castrate the male of any species; neither a man, nor a domestic or   wild beast, nor a fowl (Lev. 22:24)

Times and Seasons

94.          Not to travel on Shabbat outside the limits of one's place of residence (Ex. 16:29)

95.          To sanctify Shabbat (Ex. 20:8

96.          Not to do work on Shabbat (Ex. 20:10)

97.          To rest on Shabbat (Ex. 23:12; 34:21)).

Business Practices

98.          Not to do wrong in buying or selling (Lev. 25:14)

99.          Not to make a loan to an Israelite on interest (Lev. 25:37)

100.       Not to borrow on interest (Deut. 23:20)

101.       Not to take part in any usurious transaction between borrower and lender, neither as a surety, nor as a witness, nor as a writer of the bond for them (Ex. 22:24)

102.       To lend to a poor person (Ex. 22:24)

103.       Not to demand from a poor man repayment of his debt, when the creditor knows that he cannot pay, nor press him (Ex. 22:24)

104.       Not to take in pledge utensils used in preparing food (Deut. 24:6)

105.       Not to exact a pledge from a debtor by force (Deut. 24:10)

106.       Not to keep the pledge from its owner at the time when he needs it (Deut. 24:12)

107.       To return a pledge to its owner (Deut. 24:13)

108.       Not to take a pledge from a widow (Deut. 24:17)

109.       Not to commit fraud in measuring (Lev. 19:35)

110.       To ensure that scales and weights are correct (Lev. 19:36)

111.       Not to possess inaccurate measures and weights (Deut. 25:13-14)

Employees, Servants and Slaves

112.       Not to delay payment of a hired man's wages (Lev. 19:13)

113.       That the hired laborer shall be permitted to eat of the produce he is reaping (Deut. 23:25-26)

114.       That the hired laborer shall not take more than he can eat (Deut. 23:25)

115.       That a hired laborer shall not eat produce that is not being harvested (Deut. 23:26)

116.       To pay wages to the hired man at the due time (Deut. 24:15)

117.       Not to muzzle a beast, while it is working in produce which it can eat and enjoy (Deut. 25:4)

Vows, Oaths and Swearing

118.       That a man should fulfill whatever he has uttered (Deut. 23:24)

119.       Not to swear needlessly (Ex. 20:7)

120.       Not to violate an oath or swear falsely (Lev. 19:12)

121.       To decide in cases of annulment of vows, according to the rules set forth in the Torah (Num. 30:2-17)

122.       Not to break a vow (Num. 30:3)

123.       To swear by His name truly (Deut. 10:20)

124.       Not to delay in fulfilling vows or bringing vowed or free-will offerings (Deut. 23:22)

The Court and Judicial Procedure

125.       To appoint judges and officers in every community of Israel (Deut. 16:18)

126.       Not to appoint as a judge, a person who is not well versed in the laws of the Torah, even if he is expert in other branches of knowledge (Deut. 1:17)

127.       To adjudicate cases of purchase and sale (Lev. 25:14)

128.       To judge cases of liability of a paid depositary (Ex. 22:9)

129.       To adjudicate cases of loss for which a gratuitous borrower is liable (Ex. 22:13-14)

130.       To adjudicate cases of inheritances (Num. 27:8-11)

131.       To judge cases of damage caused by an uncovered pit (Ex. 21:33-34)

132.       To judge cases of injuries caused by beasts (Ex. 21:35-36)

133.       To adjudicate cases of damage caused by trespass of cattle (Ex. 22:4)

134.       To adjudicate cases of damage caused by fire (Ex. 22:5)

135.       To adjudicate cases of damage caused by a gratuitous depositary (Ex. 22:6-7)

136.       To adjudicate other cases between a plaintiff and a defendant (Ex. 22:8)

137.       Not to curse a judge (Ex. 22:27)

138.       That one who possesses evidence shall testify in Court (Lev. 5:1)

139.       Not to testify falsely (Ex. 20:13)

140.       That a witness, who has testified in a capital case, shall not lay down the law in that particular case (Num. 35:30)

141.       That a transgressor shall not testify (Ex. 23:1)

142.       That the court shall not accept the testimony of a close relative of the defendant in matters of capital punishment (Deut. 24:16)

143.       Not to hear one of the parties to a suit in the absence of the other party (Ex. 23:1)

144.       To examine witnesses thoroughly (Deut. 13:15)

145.       Not to decide a case on the evidence of a single witness (Deut. 19:15)

146.       To give the decision according to the majority, when there is a difference of opinion among the members of the Sanhedrin as to matters of law (Ex. 23:2)

147.       Not to decide, in capital cases, according to the view of the majority, when those who are for condemnation exceed by one only, those who are for acquittal (Ex. 23:2)

148.       That, in capital cases, one who had argued for acquittal, shall not later on argue for condemnation (Ex. 23:2)

149.       To treat parties in a litigation with equal impartiality (Lev. 19:15)

150.       Not to render iniquitous decisions (Lev. 19:15)

151.       Not to favor a great man when trying a case (Lev. 19:15)

152.       Not to take a bribe (Ex. 23:8)

153.       Not to be afraid of a bad man, when trying a case (Deut. 1:17)).

154.       Not to be moved in trying a case, by the poverty of one of the parties (Ex. 23:3; Lev. 19:15)

155.       Not to pervert the judgment of strangers or orphans (Deut. 24:17)

156.       Not to pervert the judgment of a sinner (a person poor in fulfillment of commandments) (Ex. 23:6)

157.       Not to render a decision on one's personal opinion, but only on the evidence of two witnesses, who saw what actually occurred (Ex. 23:7)

158.       Not to execute one guilty of a capital offense, before he has stood his trial (Num. 35:12)

159.       To accept the rulings of every Supreme Court in Israel (Deut. 17:11)

160.       Not to rebel against the orders of the Court (Deut. 17:11)

Injuries and Damages

161.       Not to leave something that might cause hurt (Deut. 22:8) See

162.       To save the pursued even at the cost of the life of the pursuer (Deut. 25:12)

163.       Not to spare a pursuer, but he is to be slain before he reaches the pursued and slays the latter, or uncovers his nakedness (Deut. 25:12)

Property and Property Rights

164.       Not to remove landmarks (property boundaries) (Deut. 19:14)

165.       Not to swear falsely in denial of another's property rights (Lev. 19:11)

166.       Not to deny falsely another's property rights (Lev. 19:11)

167.       Not to steal personal property (Lev. 19:11)

168.       To restore that which one took by robbery (Lev. 5:23)

169.       To return lost property (Deut. 22:1)

170.       Not to pretend not to have seen lost property, to avoid the obligation to return it (Deut. 22:3)

Criminal Laws

171.       Not to slay an innocent person (Ex. 20:13)

172.       Not to kidnap any person of Israel (Ex. 20:13) (according to the Talmud, this verse refers to stealing a person, distinguished from Lev. 19:11, regarding the taking of property)

173.       Not to rob by violence (Lev. 19:13)

174.       Not to defraud (Lev. 19:13)

175.       Not to covet what belongs to another (Ex. 20:14)

176.       Not to crave something that belongs to another (Deut. 5:18)

177.       Not to indulge in evil thoughts and sights (Num. 15:39)

Punishment and Restitution

178.       Not to accept ransom from a murderer (Num. 35:31)

179.       To exile one who committed accidental homicide (Num. 35:25)

180.       To adjudge a thief to pay compensation or (in certain cases) suffer death (Ex. 21:16; Ex. 21:37; Ex. 22:1)

181.       That he who inflicts a bodily injury shall pay monetary compensation (Ex. 21:18-19)

182.       To impose a penalty of fifty shekels upon the seducer (of an unbetrothed virgin) and enforce the other rules in connection with the case (Ex. 22:15-16)

183.       That the violator (of an unbetrothed virgin) shall marry her (Deut. 22:28-29)

184.       That one who has raped a damsel and has then (in accordance with the law) married her, may not divorce her (Deut. 22:29)

185.       Not to inflict punishment on Shabbat (Ex. 35:3) (because some punishments were inflicted by fire)

186.       To punish the wicked by the infliction of stripes (Deut. 25:2)

187.       Not to exceed the statutory number of stripes laid on one who has incurred that punishment (Deut. 25:3) (and by implication, not to strike anyone)

188.       Not to spare the offender, in imposing the prescribed penalties on one who has caused damage (Deut. 19:13)

189.       To do unto false witnesses as they had purposed to do (to the accused) (Deut. 19:19)

190.       Not to punish any one who has committed an offense under duress (Deut. 22:26)

Prophecy

191.       To heed the call of every prophet in each generation, provided that he neither adds to, nor takes away from the Torah (Deut. 18:15)

192.       Not to prophesy falsely (Deut. 18:20)

Idolatry, Idolaters and Idolatrous Practices

193.       Not to make a graven image; neither to make it oneself nor to have it made by others (Ex. 20:4)

194.       Not to make any figures for ornament, even if they are not worshipped (Ex. 20:20)

195.       Not to make idols even for others (Ex. 34:17; Lev. 19:4)

196.       Not to use the ornament of any object of idolatrous worship (Deut. 7:25)

197.       Not to make use of an idol or its accessory objects, offerings, or libations (Deut. 7:26)

198.       Not to drink wine of idolaters (Deut. 32:38)

199.       Not to worship an idol in the way in which it is usually worshipped (Ex. 20:5)

200.       Not to bow down to an idol, even if that is not its mode of worship (Ex. 20:5)

201.       Not to prophesy in the name of an idol (Ex. 23:13; Deut. 18:20)

202.       Not to hearken to one who prophesies in the name of an idol (Deut. 13:4)

203.       Not to lead the children of Israel astray to idolatry (Ex. 23:13)

204.       Not to entice an Israelite to idolatry (Deut. 13:12)

205.       To destroy idolatry and its appurtenances (Deut. 12:2-3)

206.       Not to love the enticer to idolatry (Deut. 13:9)

207.       Not to give up hating the enticer to idolatry (Deut. 13:9)

208.       Not to save the enticer from capital punishment, but to stand by at his execution (Deut. 13:9)

209.       A person whom he attempted to entice to idolatry shall not urge pleas for the acquittal of the enticer (Deut. 13:9)

210.       A person whom he attempted to entice shall not refrain from giving evidence of the enticer's guilt, if he has such evidence (Deut. 13:9)

211.       Not to swear by an idol to its worshipers, nor cause them to swear by it (Ex. 23:13)

212.       Not to turn one's attention to idolatry (Lev. 19:4)

213.       Not to adopt the institutions of idolaters nor their customs (Lev. 18:3; Lev. 20:23)

214.       Not to pass a child through the fire to Molech (Lev. 18:21)

215.       Not to suffer any one practicing witchcraft to live (Ex. 22:17)

216.       Not to practice onein (observing times or seasons as favorable or unfavorable, using astrology) (Lev. 19:26)

217.       Not to practice nachesh (doing things based on signs and portents; using charms and incantations) (Lev. 19:26)

218.       Not to consult ovoth (ghosts) (Lev. 19:31)

219.       Not to consult yid'onim (wizards) (Lev. 19:31)).

220.       Not to practice kisuf (magic using herbs, stones and objects that people use) (Deut. 18:10)

221.       Not to practice kessem (a general term for magical practices) (Deut. 18:10)).

222.       Not to practice the art of a chover chaver (casting spells over snakes and scorpions) (Deut. 18:11)

223.       Not to enquire of an ob (a ghost) (Deut. 18:11)

224.       Not to seek the maytim (dead) (Deut. 18:11)

225.       Not to enquire of a yid'oni (wizard) (Deut. 18:11)

226.       Not to remove the entire beard, like the idolaters (Lev. 19:27)

227.       Not to round the corners of the head, as the idolatrous priests do (Lev. 19:27)

228.       Not to cut oneself or make incisions in one's flesh in grief, like the idolaters (Lev. 19:28; Deut. 14:1)

229.       Not to tattoo the body like the idolaters (Lev. 19:28)

230.       Not to make a bald spot for the dead (Deut. 14:1)

231.       Not to plant a tree for worship (Deut. 16:21)

232.       Not to set up a pillar (for worship) (Deut. 16:22)

233.       Not to show favor to idolaters (Deut. 7:2)

234.       Not to make a covenant with the seven (Canaanite, idolatrous) nations (Ex. 23:32; Deut. 7:2)

235.       Not to settle idolaters in our land (Ex. 23:33)

236.       To slay the inhabitants of a city that has become idolatrous and burn that city (Deut. 13:16-17)

237.       Not to rebuild a city that has been led astray to idolatry (Deut. 13:17)).

238.       Not to make use of the property of city that has been so led astray (Deut. 13:18)

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

239.       Not to cross-breed cattle of different species (Lev. 19:19)

240.       Not to sow different kinds of seed together in one field (Lev. 19:19)

241.       Not to eat the fruit of a tree for three years from the time it was planted (Lev. 19:23)

242.       That the fruit of fruit-bearing trees in the fourth year of their planting shall be sacred like the second tithe and eaten in Jerusalem (Lev. 19:24)

243.       Not to sow grain or herbs in a vineyard (Deut. 22:9)

244.       Not to eat the produce of diverse seeds sown in a vineyard (Deut. 22:9)

245.       Not to work with beasts of different species, yoked together (Deut. 22:10)

Clothing

246.       That a man shall not wear women's clothing (Deut. 22:5)

247.       That a woman should not wear men's clothing (Deut. 22:5)

248.       Not to wear garments made of wool and linen mixed together (Deut. 22:11)

T'rumah, Tithes and Taxes

249.       To set apart the tithe of the produce (one tenth of the produce after taking out t'rumah) for the Levites (Lev. 27:30; Num. 18:24)

250.       To tithe cattle (Lev. 27:32)

251.       Not to sell the tithe of the heard (Lev. 27:32-33)

252.       That the Levites shall set apart a tenth of the tithes, which they had received from the Israelites, and give it to the kohanim (called the t'rumah of the tithe) (Num. 18:26)

253.       Not to forsake the Levites (Deut. 12:19); but their gifts (dues) should be given to them, so that they might rejoice therewith on each and every festival

254.       To set apart the second tithe in the first, second, fourth and fifth years of the sabbatical cycle to be eaten by its owner in Jerusalem (Deut. 14:22) (today, it is set aside but not eaten in Jerusalem).

255.       To set apart the second tithe in the third and sixth year of the sabbatical cycle for the poor (Deut. 14:28-29) (today, it must be separated out but need not be given to the poor).

256.       To set apart t'rumah g'dolah (the great heave-offering, that is, a small portion of the grain, wine and oil) for the kohein (Deut. 18:4)

257.       Not to expend the proceeds of the second tithe on anything but food and drink (Deut. 26:14) Anything outside of things necessary for sustenance comes within the class in the phrase "Given for the dead"

258.       Not to eat the Second Tithe, even in Jerusalem, in a state of uncleanness, until the tithe had been redeemed (Deut. 26:14)

259.       Not to eat the Second Tithe, when mourning (Deut. 26:14)

260.       To make the declaration, when bringing the second tithe to the Sanctuary (Deut. 26:13)

The Temple, the Sanctuary and Sacred Objects

261.       Not to destroy anything of the Sanctuary, of synagogues, or of houses of study, nor erase the holy names (of God); nor may sacred scriptures be destroyed (Deut. 12:2-4)

The King

262.       Not to curse a ruler, that is, the King or the head of the College in the land of Israel (Ex. 22:27)

263.       To appoint a king (Deut. 17:15)

264.       Not to appoint as ruler over Israel, one who comes from non-Israelites (Deut.         17:15)

265.       That the King shall not acquire an excessive number of horses (Deut. 17:16)

266.       That the King shall not take an excessive number of wives (Deut. 17:17)

267.       That he shall not accumulate an excessive quantity of gold and silver (Deut.          17:17)

Wars

268.       That those engaged in warfare shall not fear their enemies nor be panic-stricken by  them during battle (Deut. 3:22, 7:21, 20:3)

269.       Not to destroy fruit trees (wantonly or in warfare) (Deut. 20:19-20)

270.     To deal with a beautiful woman taken captive in war in the manner prescribed in the   Torah (Deut. 21:10-14)

271.       Not to sell a beautiful woman, (taken captive in war) (Deut. 21:14)

272.       Not to degrade a beautiful woman (taken captive in war) to the condition of a bondwoman (Deut. 21:14)

OORTREDINGS VAN DIE WET EN STRAWWE

Die oorspronklike Wet van Moses het bestaan uit altesaam 613 voorskrifte en bepalings,

waarvan 365 vérbiedende bepalings (mag nie doen nie) was en 248 gébiedende (moet doen)

bepalings.

Van die altesaam 365 verbiedende bepalings het nie minder as 33 die doodstraf gedra!

Opsomming van die bepalings van die Wet van Moses, die oortreding waarvan met die dood

strafbaar was:

1.            Deut. 17: 12       - Enigeen wat nie luister, en sodoende die priester en die regter wat diens lewer in die heiligdom van die Here, met minagting behandel.

2.            Deut. 13: 5         – Profeet of droom-uitlêer wat iemand aanhits om in opstand te kom teen die Here.

3.        Deut. 13: 15       – Al die inwoners van ʼn stad wat vreemde gode dien, met alles daarin, selfs die vee.

4.            Deut. 22: 21       – ʼn Vrou wat met ʼn man gemeenskap gehad het voor die  huwelik.

5.            Deut. 13: 9         – Iemand se broer, vrou, seun, dogter of boesemvriend wat hom wil verlei om ander gode te dien.

6.            Deut. 17: 5         – Man of vrou wat die son,  maan,  of ander hemelliggaam aanbid.

7.           Deut. 18: 20       – ʼn Profeet wat hom aanmatig om iets in die naam van die Here te sê, wat God hom nie beveel het om te sê nie.

8.            Deut. 20: 16       – Iemand wat kwaadwillig meineed pleeg. (Valse getuienis lewer)

9.            Deut. 21:21        – Opstandige of ongehoorsame seun.

10.        Deut. 22: 23       – Iemand wat ʼn verloofde meisie verkrag.

11.        Deut. 22: 23       – Albei, man en meisie, as sy vrywillig ingestem het.

12.      Deut. 24: 7         – Iemand wat sy broer of mede Israeliet ontvoer en as slaaf verkoop.

13.        Lev. 20: 13         – Mans wat homoseksueel verkeer

14.        Lev. 20: 27         – Enigeen wat geeste oproep en mense besweer

15.        Lev. 20: 10         – Mans wat egbreek pleeg met getroude vroue.

16.        Lev. 21: 9           – Die dogter van ʼn priester wat hoereer.

17.        Lev. 20: 2           – Iemand wat sy kind aan Molek offer.

18.        Lev. 20: 11         – Iemand wat gemeenskap het met sy pa se vrou.

19.        Lev. 20: 12         – Iemand wat met sy skoondogter gemeenskap gehad het.

20.    Lev. 20: 14         – Wanneer iemand met ʼn ma en haar dogter trou, moet al drie doodgemaak word.

21.        Lev. 24: 16         – Iemand wat die naam van die Here oneerbiedig gebruik. (Laster)

22.        Lev. 24: 17         – Iemand wat moord pleeg.

23.        Lev. 27: 29         – Iemand wat as banoffer aan God gewy is moet doodgemaak word en kan nie losgekoop word nie.

24.        Eks. 31: 14          – Enigeen wat die sabbat ontwy.

25.        Eks. 21: 12          – Iemand wat ʼn ander mens opsetlik doodmaak.

26.        Eks. 21: 15          – Iemand wat aan sy pa of ma slaan.

27.        Eks. 21: 16          – Iemand wat ʼn ander ontvoer.

28.        Eks. 21: 17          – Iemand wat sy pa of ma vloek.

29.        Eks. 22: 18          – ʼn Towenares. (Heks)

30.        Eks. 22: 19          – Enigeen wat met ʼn dier geslagsgemeenskap gehad het.

31.        Eks. 22: 20          – Enigeen wat aan enige god, behalwe die Here, offer.

32.    Eks. 21: 29       - Eienaar van ʼn bees wat ʼn ander mens doodgemaak het, nadat         die eienaar oor die dier gewaarsku is.

33.       Eks. 22: 22          – Iemand wat ʼn weduwee of weeskind verontreg sal deur die Here self doodgemaak word.

NOTA:

 

Die metodes van teregstelling in Israel, was hoofsaaklik steniging, onthoofding met die swaard,

verbranding, en om iemand te verwurg deur die persoon aan sy nek op te hang. 

Kruisiging was 'n gebruik van die Romeine.